Light trapping is a promising technique that enhances sunlight absorption by solar cells. This paper presents a study of bow-tie-shaped nanoparticles embedded in the antireflection coating of photovoltaic solar cells, which enhances the optical transmission of the photovoltaic surface. Therefore, the optical path length for light penetration is increased through the semiconductor active layer. First, the fundamental electric field modes of a single nanoscaled bow-tie are examined under excitation of plane waves with different polarizations. Second, an array of bow-tie-shaped nanoparticles is

Fractional-Order Design: Devices, Circuits, and Systems introduces applications from the design perspective so that the reader can learn about, and get ready to, design these applications. The book also includes the different techniques employed to comprehensively and straightforwardly design fractional-order systems/devices. Furthermore, a lot of mathematics is available in the literature for solving the fractional-order calculus for system application. However, a small portion is employed in the design of fractional-order systems. This book introduces the mathematics that has been employed

We introduce a new chaotic system with nonhyperbolic equilibrium and study its sensitivity to different numerical integration techniques prior to implementing it on an FPGA. We show that the discretization method used in numerically integrating the set of differential equations in MATLAB and Mathematica does not yield chaotic behavior except when a low accuracy Euler method is used. More accurate higher-order numerical algorithms (such as midpoint and fourth-order Runge-Kutta) result in divergence in both MATLAB and Mathematica (but not Python), which agrees with the divergence observed in an

(n, n)-Visual Secret Sharing (VSS) allows a user to send an image in the form of shares to different participants. Every share can not reveal the secret alone, and only all shares together can reveal the secret with fast recovery. This paper proposes a pixel-based (n, n)-VSS system, where to share a pixel from the secret image, (n - 1) random pixels are generated from the Lorenz chaotic system for a varying set of (n - 1) shares. Then, the nth pixel is calculated for a random share using the secret pixel and the generated (n - 1) random pixels. The system is efficient, lossless, implemented

Impedance spectroscopy has became an essential non-invasive tool for quality assessment measurements of the biochemical and biophysical changes in plant tissues. The electrical behaviour of biological tissues can be captured by fitting its bio-impedance data to a suitable circuit model. This paper investigates the use of power-law filters in circuit modelling of bio-impedance. The proposed models are fitted to experimental data obtained from eight different fruit types using a meta-heuristic optimization method (the Water Cycle Algorithm (WCA)). Impedance measurements are obtained using a

Plasmonic photovoltaics integrate nanoparticles into the active layer to enhance power absorption. However a gap exists between simulated and experimental IV characteristics. Fabrication studies have attributed the issues to fabrication resolution, and recombination with no detailed step-by-step characterization. To address this issue, the paper presents a comprehensive optical and electrical study of a new plasmonic crescent nanoparticle (CNP). These particles serve as a near-field confinement source to enhance the efficiency of perovskite TiO2-MAPbI3-Spiro solar cells. The proposed design

This work is a review article that sheds light on the active and passive sensitivities of the active RC filters based on opamp. This work provides a detailed analysis through different filters realization criteria and sensitivity summary tables and quantitative insight by discussing the most significant. However, some are almost forgotten, filters families in the literature over decades. A detailed mathematical analysis for the passive sensitivity to compare the filters’ realizations is presented. The concept of dealing between filter design theory and filter design circuit realization is

Countries are collaborating to make agriculture more efficient by combining new technologies to improve its procedure. Improving irrigation efficiency in agriculture is thus critical for the survival of sustainable agricultural production. Smart irrigation methods can enhance irrigation efficiency, specially with the introduction of wireless communication systems, monitoring devices, and enhanced control techniques for efficient irrigation scheduling. The study compared on a wide range of study subjects to investigate scientific approaches for smart irrigation. As a result, this project

Fractional Order Systems: An Overview of Mathematics, Design, and Applications for Engineers introduces applications from a design perspective, helping readers plan and design their own applications. The book includes the different techniques employed to design fractional-order systems/devices comprehensively and straightforwardly. Furthermore, mathematics is available in the literature on how to solve fractional-order calculus for system applications. This book introduces the mathematics that has been employed explicitly for fractional-order systems. It will prove an excellent material for

Chua postulated a new element called a memristor, contributing flux and charge link. The main characteristic of the memristor is a pinched hysteresis double loop with one pinched point. The memristor’s realization in the fractional-order domain increases the hysteresis loop area’s controllability and frequency range. Besides, the fractional-higher-order memristor is realized, achieving more than a pinched point with changes of the pinched point’s location at different values of a. The commercial memristor device is absent until now. For this purpose, scientists concentrated on modeling the